The number of passengers, who make use of the air transportation at airport Zurich increased by approximately 10 million people since 1995. Besides facilitated mobility, this growth has various involuntary effects, so called externalities, such as environmental pollution and climate change. But also the human health is significantly affected by the air traffic. A monetization of these effects leads to external costs, which is the share of cost not covered by responsible individuals and firms.

The Bachelor Thesis is divided into three main parts. The first section, in particular the theoretical analysis focuses on the crucial terms on external costs and the internalization process. The second part is an in depth analysis of seven different studies with focus on these externalities. The next section compares the essential issues between these studies.

The results of the theoretical analysis have highlighted that there are possibilities to internalize these external costs to increase the economic efficiency and thus the social welfare. The findings of our meta-analysis confirm that aviation is a strongly growing industry. Hence, external costs of the aviation are increasing. A non-internalization of these costs in the transport sector leads to wrong market signs and thus ends up with various inefficiencies, such as congestion, security issues and environmental disturbances. The Foundation against Air Traffic Noise can use this Bachelor Thesis as an initiating point and resource for further research on external costs of the aviation industry.