The Greenhouse Gas Protocol refers to these emissions as scope 3.4. Economic growth, geopolitical instabilities and various other factors inhibit a clear view of the future in emissions mitigation. Nonetheless, the client company strives to gain perspective on industry best practices and follow the path of emissions mitigation by acquiring an evaluated view of current actions taken within that scope. Supply chain impacts due to the pandemic, and current geopolitical conflicts, caused an upswing in air freight and other similar occurrences. This led to an increase in emissions.

The methodology consists of secondary data gathering, which involves the literature review of publicly available information from 50 companies. Those 50 companies were chosen from various industries, market capitalizations, nations and sizes in terms of employed workers. This was done to present widespread current actions taken, to mitigate scope 3.4 emissions in each respective industry. Primary data was collected through interviews, conducted with experts in various fields in the logistics sector, ranging from inland shipping companies to companies, reported as cases in this paper.

This resulted in 21 key practices, reflecting implemented and developing initiatives disseminated throughout various industries. The gathered practices were evaluated through various perspectives, including frequencies of practices, cross-comparison of emissions impact with the required effort of implementation and highlighting of disruptive ideas in various industries. This process led to results, encompassing best practices and recommendations to give the client company a researched outlook on suggested initiatives, worthy to be pursued in the company’s future. All this with the aim to fulfill the objective, consisting of detecting the future direction in which the sampled companies are predominantly moving, with hopes of reaching net zero carbon emission between 2030-2050, which is in line with the client companies’ goal.